KIM 101E • Midterm II + Final • General Chemistry – I

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Ionic Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Bond Polarity and Electronegativity

Drawing Lewis Structures

Resonance Structures

Molecular Shapes

Molecular Shapes examples-1

Molecular Shapes examples-2

Molecular Shapes examples-3

The VSEPR Model

Electron-Domain and Molecular Geometries-1

Electron-Domain and Molecular Geometries-2

Effect of Nonbonding Electrons on Bond Angles

Molecules with Expanded Valence Shells

Shapes of Larger Molecules

Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity-1

Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity-2

Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity-3

Valence-Bond Theory-1

Valence-Bond Theory-2

Hybrid Orbitals

sp Hybrid Orbitals

sp2 Hybrid Orbitals

sp3 Hybrid Orbitals

Multiple Bonds-1

Multiple Bonds-2

Multiple Bonds-3

Resonance Structures, Delocalization, and pi Bonding

Molecular Orbitals

Molecular Orbitals-He2 molecule

Molecular Orbitals-Li2 and Be2

Molecular Orbitals-B2 through Ne2

Electron Configurations and Molecular Properties

Molecular Orbitals-NO molecule

Phases

Intermolecular Forces

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Ion-Dipole Forces

Interaction Between Water and Cations

Dispersion Forces

Intermolecular Forces

The Hydrogen Bond

The Hydrogen Bond

Properties of Liquids: Cohesion-Adhesion and Viscosity

Kinetic Theory of Liquids and Solids

Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium

Molar Heat of Vaporization

Clausius Clapeyron equation

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Critical Temperature and Pressure

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium

Solid-Vapor Equilibrium

Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

Types of Solutions

Relative Solubilities

Concentration Units

Parts per Million, Parts per Billion

Percent by Mass

Molality

Molarity-Molality Transformation

Molality-Percent by Mass Transformation

Enthalpy of Solution

Intermolecular Forces in Mixtures

Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Deviations from Raoult’s Law

Boiling Point Elevation-Freezing Point Depression

Freezing Point Depression

Freezing Point Depression

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic Pressure and Molar Mass

Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions

Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions

Equilibrium

The Equilibrium Constant

Homogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Homogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Homogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Homogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Homogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Heterogeneous Equilibria

Heterogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Heterogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Heterogeneous Equilibria: Kp & Kc relation

Multiple Equilibria

Multiple Equilibria

Rules for Multiple Equilibria

Rules for Multiple Equilibria

What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?

What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?

What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?

What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Le Châtelier’s Principle

The Effect of a Catalyst

The Effect of a Catalyst

Brønsted Acids and Bases

Brønsted Acids and Bases

The Acid-Base Properties of Water

The Acid-Base Properties of Water

pH—A Measure of Acidity

pH—A Measure of Acidity

pH—A Measure of Acidity

pH—A Measure of Acidity

pH—A Measure of Acidity

Strength of Acids and Bases

Strength of Acids and Bases

Strength of Acids and Bases

Strength of Acids and Bases

Strength of Acids and Bases

Percent Ionization

Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants

The Relationship Between the Ionization Constants of Acids and Their Conjugate Bases

The Relationship Between the Ionization Constants of Acids and Their Conjugate Bases

Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids

Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids

The Common Ion Effect

The Common Ion Effect

Buffer Solutions

Buffer Solutions

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Buffer Capacity

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility Equilibria

Molar Solubility and Solubility

Molar Solubility

Solubility

Extraction

Chromatography

Spontaneous Processes and Entropy Relations

Calculation of Entropies

Standard Entropy

Prediction of Sign of Entropy

Prediction of Sign of Entropy

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Calculations of Standard Entropy

General Rules for Sign of Entropy

Prediction of Sign of Entropy

Prediction of Sign of Entropy

Entropy Changes in the Surroundings

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity

Standard Free-Energy Changes

Standard Free-Energy Changes

Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity

Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium

Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium

Free Energy and Solubility Equilibria

Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium

Free Energy and Equilibrium Constant